Atenei parmensis founded 1887
OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF MEDICINE AND NATURAL SCIENCES OF PARMA
AND CENTRE ON HEALTH SYSTEM’S ORGANIZATION, QUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY, PARMA, ITALY
EDITOR IN CHIEF
Maurizio Vanelli – Parma, Italy
SECTION EDITORS
Gianfranco Cervellin- Parma, Italy
Vincenzo De Sanctis- Ferrara, Italy
Carlo Signorelli – Parma, Italy
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Antonio Mutti – Parma, Italy
Carlo Signorelli – Parma, Italy
Marco Vitale – Parma, Italy
DEPUTY EDITOR FOR HEALTH
PROFESSIONS EDITION
Leopoldo Sarli – Parma, Italy
DEPUTY EDITOR FOR SERTOT
EDITION
Francesco Pogliacomi – Parma, Italy
Franco Aversa – Parma, Italy
Cesare Beghi – Varese, Italy
Roberto Berretta – Parma, Italy
Corrado Betterle – Padova, Italy
Riccardo Bonadonna – Parma, Italy
Mauro Bonanini – Parma, Italy
David A. Bushinsky – Rochester, NY, USA
Ovidio Bussolati – Parma, Italy
Ardeville Cabassi – Parma, Italy
Paolo Caffarra – Parma, Italy
Duran Canatan – Antalya, Turkey
Fausto Catena – Parma, Italy
Francesco Ceccarelli – Parma, Italy
Rossana Cecchi – Parma, Italy
Stefano Cecchini – Parma, Italy
Gian Paolo Ceda – Parma, Italy
Graziano Ceresini – Parma, Italy
Gianfranco Cervellin – Parma, Italy
Alfredo Antonio Chetta – Parma, Italy
Marco Colonna – St. Louis, MO, USA
Paolo Coruzzi – Parma, Italy
Lucio Guido Maria Costa – Parma, Italy
Cosimo Costantino – Parma, Italy
Renato Costi – Parma, Italy
Domenico Cucinotta – Bologna, Italy
Alessandro De Fanti – Reggio Emilia, Italy
Massimo De Filippo – Parma, Italy
Filippo De Luca – Messina, Italy
Vincenzo De Sanctis – Ferrara, Italy
Giuseppe Fabrizi – Parma, Italy
Valentina Fainardi – Parma, Italy
Claudio Feliciani – Parma, Italy
Nicola Florindo – Parma, Italy
Lorella Franzoni – Parma, Italy
Antonio Freyrie – Parma, Italy
Vittorio Gallese – Parma, Italy
Livio Garattini – Milano, Italy
Matteo Goldoni – Parma, Italy
Donald J. Hagler – Rochester, MINN, USA
Rick Hippakka – Chicago, IL, USA
Andrew R. Hoffman – Stanford, CA, USA
Joachim Klosterkoetter – Colonia, Germany
Ronald M. Lechan – Boston, MA, USA
Annarosa Leri – Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
Giuseppe Lippi – Verona, Italy
Nicola Longo – Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Wanyun Ma – Beijing, China
Umberto Vittorio Maestroni – Parma, Italy
Marcello Giuseppe Maggio – Parma, Italy
Norman Maitland – York, United Kingdom
Federico Marchesi – Parma, Italy
Carla Mastrorilli – Parma, Italy
James A. McCubrey – Greenville, NC, USA
Tiziana Meschi – Parma, Italy
Giuseppe Nuzzi – Parma, Italy
Jose Luis Navia – Cleveland, OH, USA
Anna Odone – Parma, Italy
Donald Orlic – Bethesda, MD, USA
Antonio Pellegrino – Lecco, Italy
Silvia Pizzi – Parma, Italy
Francesco Pogliacomi – Parma, Italy
Federico Quaini – Parma, Italy
Edoardo Raposio – Parma, Italy
Stephen M. Rao – Cleveland, OH, USA
Shaukat Sadikot – Mumbai, India
Simone Cherchi Sanna – New York, NY, USA
Leopoldo Sarli – Parma, Italy
Robert S. Schwartz – Denver, Colorado, USA
Anthony Seaton – Edinburgh,
United Kingdom
Ashraf Tawfic Mohamed Soliman – Doha, Qatar
Mario Strazzabosco – New Haven, CT, USA
Nicola Sverzellati – Parma, Italy
Maria Luisa Tanzi – Parma, Italy
Roberto Toni – Parma, Italy
Frederik H. Van Der Veen – Maastricht,
The Netherlands
Vincenzo Vincenti – Parma, Italy
Vincenzo Violi – Parma, Italy
Richard Wallensten – Solna, Sweden
Francesco Ziglioli – Reggio Emilia, Italy
LINGUISTIC ADVISOR
Rossana Di Marzio
Parma, Italy
EDITORIAL OFFICE MANAGER
Anna Scotti
Mattioli 1885 srl – Casa Editrice
Strada di Lodesana 649/sx, Loc. Vaio
43036 Fidenza (PR), Italy
Tel. ++39 0524 530383
Fax ++39 0524 82537
contact@actabiomedica.it
Francesco Covino
Società di Medicina e –Scienze Naturali
Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria
di Parma – Cattani Building, 2nd floor
Via Gramsci, 14 – Parma, Italy
Tel./Fax ++39 0521 033730
francesco.covino@unipr.it
PUBLISHER
Mattioli 1885 srl Casa Editrice
Strada di Lodesana, 649/sx, Loc. Vaio
43036 Fidenza (PR), Italy
Tel. ++39 0524 530383
Fax ++39 0524 82537
contact@actabiomedica.it francesco.covino@unipr.it